Some incidents of domestic abuse might not fit the model perfectly.įurther, some critics point out that portraying abuse as cyclical can lead to victim blaming, as it implies that domestic violence survivors should have seen it coming or been able to prevent the abuse. While models are helpful in many ways, they sometimes fall short of accurately portraying real-life relationships and situations. It’s important to remember that the domestic violence cycle of abuse is a model, and as such, it is a simplification of very complex issues. It can also help survivors of domestic violence (or possibly even abusers) to recognize the patterns that have been playing out in their lives-and in doing so, hopefully start them on the path to breaking free. The cycle of abuse provides a framework for understanding abuse. This phase may last for days, weeks, or months-until something happens that causes tension to begin building once again. Both partners may feel close to one another and believe and/or act as if the violence will never be repeated. This is also sometimes referred to as the honeymoon stage. The abuser might apologize, promise not to hurt their partner again, give gifts, make excuses, or gaslight their partner. In the reconciliation stage, the relationship returns to “normal,” either due to time passing or to actions on the part of the abuser. Experts note that this phase is usually characterized by the abuser exerting control and power over the other person. This might take the form of physical and/or emotional abuse, or some other form of domestic violence. Eventually, the tension that has built up will culminate in the abuser lashing out. The abusive partner will become more frustrated and angry, while the person who is the target of abuse may become anxious or try to placate their partner. During this phase, strain will build in the relationship, possibly due to external circumstances like finances or other stressors. The Cycle of Abuse (also known as the Power and Control Wheel) outlines a sequence of four phases of abusive behavior. While specific incidents of domestic violence are usually unexpected, in general, domestic violence often tends to follow predictable patterns. The cycle of abuse is a term that refers to the cyclical nature of domestic violence.
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